India, a land of diverse traditions, has been the cradle of several martial art forms, of which Kalaripayattu stands out due to its ancient origins and unique techniques. But have you ever wondered where this art form stemmed from?
The Roots of Indian Martial Arts
Martial arts in India date back over 3000 years, and ancient scriptures like the Vedas bear testimony to their existence. The narrative ties it back to divine intervention, linking it to legends and myths that are an intrinsic part of Indian culture.
The Legend of Parasurama
According to popular folklore, Parasurama, an avatar of Lord Vishnu, is credited with introducing martial arts to India. He’s particularly associated with Kalaripayattu, which, when broken down, means ‘training ground’ (kalari) and ‘fight’ (payattu).
The Essence of Kalaripayattu
Kalaripayattu’s significance is underscored by its adoption as a combat code by South Indian dynasties during wars among Cholas, Pandyas, and Cheras. The art form, deeply embedded in the local culture, was so revered that children above the age of seven in Kerala were traditionally trained in it.
Decline Under British Rule
However, like many traditional practices, Kalaripayattu faced a dark period under British colonization. The British, sensing the martial might of this art, prohibited its practice. But their attempts to quash it were in vain, as Kalaripayattu remained alive in hushed whispers and secluded rural areas.
Revival of Kalaripayattu
Post-independence, this martial art form began its revival journey. Today, Kalaripayattu is not just a combat technique but a significant cultural heritage, especially in Southern India.
Influence of Animal Movements
One of the striking features of Kalaripayattu is its movement patterns, reminiscent of various animals. This is believed to have originated from ancient hunters observing and emulating animal combat techniques.
Modern-Day Significance
Today, Kalaripayattu has spread its wings beyond the boundaries of Kerala, reaching parts of Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, and even Sri Lanka. It’s also become a source of livelihood, with performances for tourists gaining popularity.
The Mythological Link: Shiva and Kalaripayattu
Going deeper into legends, there’s a fascinating link between Lord Shiva, the ‘Destroyer’ in Hindu mythology, and Kalaripayattu. The art form is believed to have been taught by Shiva to Parasurama, further emphasizing its divine roots.
Shiva’s Teaching to Parasurama
The mythological narrative suggests that the origins of Kalaripayattu are intertwined with Shiva’s altercation with Daksha, his Father-In-Law, one of the ‘Lords Of Creation’. This art was then passed on to Parasurama, who further propagated it by establishing 108 Kalaris in the Kerala region.
The Chronicles of Kalaripayattu’s History
Although no concrete records detail Kalaripayattu’s inception, mythological tales often ascribe its genesis to Lord Shiva. From its inception in the 3rd century BC to its dominance and subsequent decline under the British, Kalaripayattu’s journey has been captivating.
Training Regime in Kalaripayattu
The rigorous training in Kalaripayattu is methodical and categorized.
The Four Key Stages
- Maithari – Body control exercises.
- Kolthari – Training with wooden weapons.
- Ankathari – Metal weapon practices.
- Verumkai – Bare hand combat techniques.
In conclusion, Kalaripayattu isn’t just a martial art; it’s a testament to India’s rich heritage, resilience, and the undying spirit of its people. Even in the face of adversity, this art form has persisted, evolved, and is now celebrated worldwide.
FAQs:
- What does ‘Kalaripayattu’ mean?
It is a combination of ‘kalari’ (training ground) and ‘payattu’ (fight). - Who is considered the founder of Kalaripayattu?
Lord Parasurama, an avatar of Lord Vishnu, is believed to be the founder. - Why was Kalaripayattu banned by the British?
The British viewed it as a potential threat, leading to rebellion or mutiny. - Where is Kalaripayattu mainly practiced today?
Predominantly in Kerala but also parts of Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, and Sri Lanka. - How is Kalaripayattu different from other martial arts?
Its techniques and movements are often inspired by animal behaviors and it has deep-rooted mythological connections.
